Rule of 72 quick estimate
At an 8% annual return, 72 divided by 8 suggests money may roughly double in about 9 years. This is an estimate, not a guarantee.
Small differences become large over time
A 1% difference in annual return may look small in one year, but over decades it can create a meaningful gap in ending value. Fees matter for the same reason.
Debt can compound against the borrower
When interest is added to a balance, future interest can be charged on a larger amount. This is why unpaid balances can grow faster than expected.
Real return matters after inflation
A savings balance may rise in nominal dollars while its purchasing power grows more slowly if inflation is high.